Unit 1 Assignment 1/LO 1

Course Title: Requirements of a Media Production

Unit Title: Unit 1 Pre-Production Techniques for the Creative Media Industries

 

 

Learning Outcome:

1.    Understand requirements for a specific media production

 

We have been hired by SFX Sixth Form college to make a promotional video introducing SFX Sixth Form college. We have been hired by SFX so all production costs are paid for by SFX. There are six important roles to direct this video and that is a director, producer, cameraman, presenter, editor and sound recorder and they each have a different role to contribute to the video. These roles are very important for this kind of media production because they each have different responsibilities in order for the video to be good.

Finance

The camera we would use would be the Canon EOS C300 Kit because it provides outstanding cinema movie quality capture and the kit includes a tripod, cables, batteries and an internal hard drive. The camera is needed mostly because it’s filming what we want to see. It would cost £150 to hire for the day. (New Day Pictures 1, 13/10/13) The sound recording we would use would be a 2 metre-3 metre Boom pole and it would cost £5. The importance of using a boom pole is that the microphone can be attached at the end so it makes easier to talk to actors without the microphone being put in the camera frame. We would use Final Cut Pro 7 which runs Apple MacBook Pro to edit the video and it would cost £80 to hire for the day. The Final Cut Pro 7 will be useful because editing will be straight-forward to do so it gives us more time to do rehearsals and retakes. We would use the Tracking Dolly because it’s 12 metres of track which enables it to have a total run of 6 metres. Tracking Dolly will be required because instead of holding a heavy camera it can be placed on a Tracking Dolly to balance the weight. The chosen camera is a bit heavy but we will ensure that there is a available track to lay the camera instead of it being held constantly.  W The microphone will be set in a fixed position so the presenter is going to have to remain in place and not move around. Although if we decide to have a wired or a wireless microphone, we may want to consider using it as well as the mounted shotgun microphone because it will deliver a richer, fuller sound even though we were using two microphones at the same time. It would cost £30 to hire for the day”. (New Day Pictures 2, 19/09/13) We don’t have to worry about transporting the equipment because we are shooting the video at SFX and all the equipment will be provided there as well. We will use someone from the group to be the talent so they can be filmed talking to other people/staff about SFX so no fee will be required. Some attributions we would look for in a presenter would be someone with some experience in the media industry whereby that be making short videos on YouTube and someone who’s very confident and not camera shy. Doing a casting call would be efficient because we would get to know each person. As for crew we will have six members on set doing different roles because we are only filming a short video about SFX. Facility hire are both sorted because everything is already at SFX so all we have to do is organize and plan when we’re shooting the video.

Time

“The Canon EOS C300 kit costs £590 to hire for a week. The boom pole would cost only £10 to hire for a week. The Final Cut Pro 7 would cost £290 to hire out for a week from New Day Pictures that specialise in media equipment. The Tracking Dolly would cost £110 to hire for a week. The advantages of hiring out equipment for a week would be that if there are any errors or changes during the production the equipment is still available. Also having the equipment with a deadline helps stay on track and get things completed there and then. The cost for extra personnel would be £250 for a Sound Recorder and £175 for a Camera Assistant.” (New Day Pictures 3, 19/09/13) “You'll only be able to distribute and screen your film in public if it is 'cleared'. This means that you have written permission to use everything and everyone that appears in your film.” (BBC 1, 20/09/13) An example of something needed to be cleared would be “products, logos & brand names. All products, logos, brand names and trademarks that are featured prominently in your film need to be cleared for use by the manufacturers or businesses concerned. Although there will always be new products that come up on a daily basis because if the product, logo, brand name or trademark is non-distinctive in the background, we wouldn’t need permission to film it. If we decided to film outside of SFX to show local shops and the BMW car logo happens to be in the background behind the action and no reference is made to BMW as a company, then we wouldn’t need their permission.” (BBC 3, 29/09/13)

Personnel

The size of the team wouldn’t be big because were only shooting a short promotional film at SFX. Although there are two big roles like the Director and the Producer. “A director has creative control over the project from when he/she comes on board until the project is finished. A producer has control over the team, rights and the organisation overall.” (BBC 2, 20/09/13) Everyone will have different roles within the process that will contribute to the video. Places like New Day Pictures have “VT editors-who piece together raw footage into a final recoded piece, sound engineers who are in charge of all sound equipment during the production, cameramen/woman who have a job of filming what’s needed with all with many years’ experience in TV/film. CVs available on request” (New Day Pictures 4, 20/09/13) which is good for experience but not good for whoever is hiring them because they have to pay them there and then. It would be good if these people have high experience in the jobs they have like e.g. cameraman has experience in filming pieces so that would be helpful because he would have an idea on what shots would work.

Facilities

An example of production we would use would be a tripod that is a required “piece of steady grip to keep your footage looking steady and professional.” (Desktop Documentaries, 20/09/13) If we decide to do a group interview, a boom pole would be harder to use instead of a wireless microphone because the boom pole still requires long wires as the lead from the shotgun microphone has to go somewhere. So instead of editing that out later it will be easier to have a boom pole on the ready. We could even use a wireless microphone because it’s £5 cheaper than a “Sennheiser SKP 500 G2 Radio Mic Kit because this costs £20 to hire for a day.” (New Day Pictures 5, 29/09/13) The wireless microphone is very discrete from the public and they are sold at audio shops. As for post-production equipment we would use any equipment supplied at SFX but we wouldn’t need to use a facility house because the video would be edited at the college. The video editing software we are using would be Final Cut Pro 7. This can be hired from any editing software company such as New Day Pictures or Hire works so roughly for a day it would cost from around £80 but a week around £290

Materials

We will probably write a small script which some people may have to learn depending on how long the video is and also if we decide to have a voice over the video. We will use some animatic pictures or graphics such as banners underneath anyone talking on the video to show they have a purpose and also to introduce them to viewers. The promotional video has to reflect how SFX wants to be portrayed because even though its Catholic practised, SFX is very diverse and engaged within its students and facilities. We will not be playing any copyrighted music because it’s not our own but we will use library material even though the video will include a voiceover and general comments from staff or students.

Contributors

Even though hiring specialists or experts on the equipment will save us time learning about how to use the equipment it will be very efficient because that means we have enough experience from crew with specialised equipment to produce a good video. The talent/presenter is the main star in the video and the purpose of having that person is that they can present SFX as a whole and ask general questions. We would use an interviewer who could interview some students or even the Principal to give the video people an insight on about the College from different perspectives. We wouldn’t use any public because they wouldn’t have an accurate opinion about the College but maybe we could interview some so we can see what their thoughts are. An advantage of interviewing a bystander would show that our information is not biased and we have managed to find someone else to talk about SFX. A disadvantage of this would be that the person might not have time to stop and talk. There are several ways on approaching the public to be the video e.g. by handing a survey/questionnaire to them.

Locations

We would use the foyer in SFX because it’s the first place where all the students enter so we could interview there first as it’s the heart of the college. So distance or cost wouldn’t be a problem as everything would be planned, filmed and edited in the SFX grounds. We would film around Clapham to show the local facilities around the Sixth Form explaining their benefits. Only people needed in the film would have access on set but people like the producer or director would definitely have access. We could restrict access in a busy working college by informing students about the whereabouts of filming and give them alternatives for study or where to sit for break and lunch. Also because everyone’s timetable is an irregular pattern we could film in places where majority people go to when they are in class to avoid any unnecessary confusion or congestion in normal quiet areas. The recces we would have to check for filming; is the local condition such as LRC if there’s any unknown problems, any aid needed for any person/organisation we would have to check for permission needed and protective clothing needed, appropriate viewpoints such as any obstruction making sure it’s easy to reach and safe, requirements such as the power, lighting and sound equipment being available for equipment or alternative arrangements if not supplied correctly. Any anticipated problems such as sound, people and picture for health and safety.Also other considerations would include security, welfare e.g transport, food, First Aid etc, set dressing and required props. As for risk assessment and health and safety all hazards have to averted so people aren’t harmed, property isn’t damaged so risk controls have to be already in place so on a scale to low to high the risk assessment would be low for everything. If we were to film on college grounds in the courtyard we would have to check out for bad weather therefore preventing actors, crew, equipment and location not to be damaged. So to prevent that actors should wear rain macs and equipment should be covered after use or if not being used all equipment should try closed up indoors.

Codes of practice and regulation

As for clearances and location permissions that would be clarified by the college to prevent any confusion or accidents. The equipment we’re using doesn’t require any long wires so nobody will be injured on set. If we were publishing this video we would inform the Adverting Standards Authority (ASA) because they would check for safe of age material. Also they would check for any legal copyright issues like music or logos. ASA “is the UK’s independent regulator of advertising across all media. They apply the Advertising Codes, which are written by the Committees of Advertising Practice. So there work includes acting on complaints and proactively checking the media to take action against misleading, harmful or offensive advertisements.” (ASA, 29/09/13)

Bibliography

New Day Pictures 1: http://www.newdaypictures.com/Video_Camera_Hire.html (Accessed on 13/10/13)

New Day Pictures 2: http://www.newdaypictures.com/crew.html (Accessed on 19/09/13)

New Day Pictures 3:  http://www.newdaypictures.com/crew.html (Accessed on 19/09/13)

BBC 1: http://www.bbc.co.uk/filmnetwork/filmmaking/guide/before-you-start/checklist                   (Accessed on 20/09/13)

BBC 2: http://www.bbc.co.uk/filmnetwork/filmmaking/guide/production/cast-and-crew, (Accessed on 20/09/13)

New Day Pictures 4: http://www.newdaypictures.com/crew.html, (Accessed on 20/09/13)

Desktop Documentaries: http://www.desktop-documentaries.com/video-production-equipment.html  (Accessed on 20/09/13)

BBC 3: http://www.bbc.co.uk/filmnetwork/filmmaking/guide/before-you-start/content-clearances, (Accessed on 29/09/13)

ASA: http://www.asa.org.uk/About-ASA.aspx, (Accessed on 29/09/13)

New Day Pictures 5: http://www.newdaypictures.com/Sound_Equipment_Hire.html, (Accessed on 29/09/13)

Unit 3 Assignment 2/ LO 1

To make a successful promotional video that introduces SFX I have to carry out research. I will use quantitative and qualitative data just as well as audience research, market research and production research. For primary research I handed out at least 10 questionnaires to students around the college regarding their views about college, to help me understand their personal thoughts and feelings. I interviewed Miss Harrison who is a recruitment manager for SFX to understand her role for promotional videos. Also for secondary research I will try and use statistics that indicate SFX’s achievement that can be found on their website on in the prospectus. Also for secondary research I could use the self-generated research from the focus group entailing what to do for the production stage.  As for competitor analysis there are many competitive sixth forms/colleges similar to SFX such as Lambeth College, Couldson College and especially CTK which is a Catholic sixth form college. These techniques are important because checking out other competitor’s websites shows what ideas they are using to make their video stand out. Also I can see what facilities they are promoting and how they display their video on their website for people to see. I have to make sure the video on the homepage is easily accessed for people. Market research is very crucial to do because you have to outsmart what other competing companies are doing in order for you to stand out for the target audience. The point of completing market research is to create a video so original that prospective parents feel more interested. Audience research refers to you interviewing and collecting data on your specific target audience in order for good results. So here I would interview staff members such as people who work in the Chapel as the Chapel is SFX’s main attraction. It’s very important to find out the demographics on your audience because competition between schools is very fierce so in order to launch a good promotional video it would be good to do audience awareness where you have to ensure the audience are aware of the video and also consumer attitudes which refers to how the audience feels about the video. So having opinions from students and staff is very important to help promote our video because it gives people an insight about SFX’s qualities and facilities. Providing the Audience and Market research goes well I can research the content and material of the video to find out how realistic it is to create for Production research. For Production research I would have to find out how realistic it is to film some areas in the college. For example filming inside the Chaplaincy would be production research because it’s one of the key places to film in the college.  

Unit 2 Assignment 1/LO 1 & LO 2

BTEC LEVEL 3 DIPLOMA IN CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION

Unit 2: Communication Skills for Creative Media Production

Assignment 1/LO 1 & LO 2: Be able to extract information from written sources

                             .                                                    : Be able to create a report in a media production context

(Image 1, 25/11/13)

I am a company novice researcher working for ‘Moo Productions’. During this report I shall be outlining why St Francis Xavier Sixth Form College should hire my company and I need to create a promotional video. The potential target audience aimed for this video would be local students from school aged 15-16 and the parents of these students.  

Promotion in a business is very important because it helps generate profits for products as customers are aware. Also promotion helps a business stand out from the crowd because companies can see what nearby competition are doing to attract people. “The word ‘promotion’ conjures up images of advertisements through which organisations try to persuade consumers to buy goods and services. Some firms may use sales promotions, sponsorship, direct marketing and public relations within the mix.” (Unison 1, 14/10/13)

One of SFX’s unique selling points is that it’s a Catholic college. However it accepts many other religions and respects what those people believe. An example of how SFX has something different to other sixth form colleges is that they have many learning facilities and it’s located in a good area because there’s lots of variety of foods for people to have and the area is very easy to commute to. I could show the branding of the college by filming in the LRC or other used facilities in the college such as the Chapel or the foyer. My promotional film will include examples of branding because “if a brand results from a set of associations and perceptions in people’s minds, then branding is an attempt to harness, generate, influence and control these associations to help the business perform better.” (Design council 1, 14/10/13) 

Branding is important because it “elevates a product or organisation from being just one commodity amongst many identical commodities, to become something with a unique character and promise.” (Design council 2, 14/10/13) In my video I’m going to brand SFX by showcasing their Catholic teachings and rules by filming inside the Chapel. There’s a wide variety of people with different ethnicities and cultures that attend here so I would interview and film their opinions about SFX. Also SFX have been branded because of high success rates in previous years, so those successful students have furthered their education at good Universities such as Coventry University and Hertfordshire University. I could add this to the video by having a voice over outlining SFX’s success. Also, there’s been some people that have attended SFX and later become very successful e.g. Tinie Tempah. All these qualities will make SFX different to other Sixth Form Colleges because they have their own goals and motivation to make seem unique for prospective students. SFX’s goal is “is to serve both needs to prepare you for the challenges of making progress in a highly competitive world but also to carve out time to support you in developing personally and spiritually.” (SFX, 18/11/13) The logo for SFX is blue and white. This logo helps to differentiate SFX against other sixth form colleges in the area or other competitors for prospective parents.  I can use the logo or the colours as a form of branding because it raises awareness to people as SFX’s colours are very distinctive compared to other colleges. I can do this by informing young people about what SFX has to offer. As SFX is already branded, we need to it to be recognized by many people by “doing our research such as learning the needs, habits and desires of current and prospective parents or students.” (Branding 1, 07/01/14) This could be done by doing some questionnaires for prospective parents or when we are filming we film the students when they are taking part in social activities.

The brand values are very important for all companies to share the same values such as “quality, openness, innovation, individual responsibility, fairness, and respect for the individual, empowerment, passion, flexibility, teamwork and pride.” (Design council 3, 14/10/13) There will be a brand personality within our promotional video as it will include vision. The way we portray the video to prospective parents will determine their outlook on the college. “Personality traits could be ‘efficient and business-like’, ‘friendly and chatty’, or ‘humorous and irrelevant’, although they would obviously have to be appropriate to the type of product or service you are selling.” (Design Council 4, 14/10/13) An example of someone creating a personality for a successful business would be Richard Branson for Virgin. “A brand is a specific combination of logo, words, type font, design, colours, personality, price, service” (Brand Values 1, 07/01/14) and all of these attributes define SFX, whether from the students or the logo.  The more companies develop their personalities and values the more companies become more established and important and therefore this helps the company stand out in the market. In our promotional video we will use SMART because using these objectives will help to appeal to our audience:

·         Specific- The video is specifically about promoting SFX to prospective parents and students

·         Measurable-The video has to include information that measures up to the objective we are trying to promote.

·         Achievable- The video has to be clearly understood by the audience and this can be done because I have access to equipment and location.

·         Relevant- The video has to give and portray relevant information that relates to promoting SFX.

·         Time-bound- The video has to be completed in a given time because it has a deadline.

The promotional video is an example of below-the-line promotion because the promotion involves promotional techniques which aim to reach our target age group more directly because we’re directing it at them. Our video won’t be above-the-line promotion because it won’t be necessary and also it has some disadvantages such as the media can cost a lot and also the video may be lost amongst other advertising.

As I have previously stated in the report the client should hire me because I understand why promotion is important. As there are two main promotions such as below the line and above the line. I understand the values of branding and also why branding is crucial for promotions. However I do understand how to reach the objectives through using ‘SMART’ and why all brands need a personality because it reflects who the founder is.  The promotional video I’m making will be below-the-line promotion as our video is aimed directly at our prospective parents. =

Bibliography

Unison 1: Businesscasestudies.co.uk/unison/using-promotion-to-campaign-for-public-services/promotion.html#axzz2jgvayce, (Accessed on 18/11/13) Quote “The word ‘promotion’ conjures up images of advertisements through which organisations try to persuade consumers to buy goods and services. Some firms may use sales promotions, sponsorship, direct marketing and public relations within the mix.”

Design Council 1: http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/resources-and-events/business-and-public-sector/guides/the-power-of-branding/, (Accessed on 12/10/13) Quote “because “if a brand results from a set of associations and perceptions in people’s minds, then branding is an attempt to harness, generate, influence and control these associations to help the business perform better.”

Design Council 2: http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/resources-and-events/business-and-public-sector/guides/the-power-of-branding/ (Accessed on 12/10/13) Quote “elevates a product or organisation from being just one commodity amongst many identical commodities, to become something with a unique character and promise.”

Design Council 3: http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/resources-and-events/business-and-public-sector/guides/the-power-of-branding/, (Accessed on 12/10/13) Quote “quality, openness, innovation, individual responsibility, fairness, and respect for the individual, empowerment, passion, flexibility, teamwork and pride.”

Design Council 4: http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/resources-and-events/business-and-public-sector/guides/the-power-of-branding/, (Accessed on 12/10/13) Quote “Personality traits could be ‘efficient and business-like’, ‘friendly and chatty’, or ‘humorous and irrelevant’, although they would obviously have to be appropriate to the type of product or service you are selling.”

SFX: http://www.sfx.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=13, (Accessed on 18/11/13) Quote “is to serve both needs to prepare you for the challenges of making progress in a highly competitive world but also to carve out time to support you in developing personally and spiritually.”

Image 1: http://www.sfx.ac.uk/, (Accessed on 25/11/13)

Branding 1: http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/77408, (Accessed on 07/01/14)

Brand Values 1: http://www.forbes.com/sites/loisgeller/2012/05/23/a-brand-is-a-specialized/, (Accessed on 07/01/14)

Unit 8 Assignment 4/LO 4

Level 3 Diploma in Creative Media Production

Unit 8: Understanding the TV and Film Industries

Assignment 4/LO4: Understand developing technologies in the television and film industries.

In regards to this assignment Media Magazine have asked me to produce an essay outlining that I understand how effectively technologies have developed in the TV/film industries and their impacts. Within this assignment I will be comprehensively explaining the technologies that have affected the lives of individuals and how they choose to view TV through these contents such as; satellite, cable, analogue, digital, film-based, interactive, internet, high definition, streaming content, on-demand viewing, digital recorders and pay per view.

Technology has an major contribution to how we access media content and most of all how that same media content accesses us. As technology is on-going, everlasting and very innovative producers of major companies such as SKY or Virgin are having to come with up fresh new ideas that coincide with today’s technology in order to keep audiences enticed and engaged within their products. Also producers have to make sure they are keeping a close eye on fierce competition to see what products and service their using on audiences e.g. recording more than one channel.  Fortunately for Virgin customers than can record up to three channels without any disruption whereas SKY customers can only record two programmes unless the person is viewing one of the programmes recorded. A few years ago people didn’t even have the option to pause live television if they were just running errands around the house because there were no catch-up channels on TV, mobile phones or the internet. Also there was no on-demand viewing or online streaming. People didn’t have the option to change the channel from normal analogue channels if the programme on wasn’t interesting as much because back then there was only BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5. Nowadays producers are struggling and competing to produce shows that could potentially attract a mass audience rather than niche as there is over 500 channels included on the SKY Box set. Also people didn’t have the option to voluntarily choose between HD (High Definition) from SD (Standard Definition) when buying a TV, however nowadays HD is the way of life for TV viewers. Audiences are guaranteed a clear pristine view of programmes because pixels have been precisely defined to give a better quality. So now audiences are more likely to see blemishes or imperfections on actors/actresses if there watching a SD programme on their HD TV.

Satellite

Image 1, 13/11/13

There are two types of television operations people have the choice between in order of how they watch daily/past programmes, those are satellite and cable TV. Satellite TV is a fairly simple process to have, providing people have a satellite TV dish they can receive television signals through a dish shaped unit because satellite TV is a broadcasting service. People can receive these signals from having a satellite dish installed on their house which has to be connected to a satellite television box which helps transmit messages and signals to and from Earth in order for images and sounds to be projected on television screens. Satellite TV has some advantages to it such as the dish can find good quality programmes automatically because of the receiver box, which therefore helps the signal to the TV. Also on satellite TV people are able to watch two channels at one time and they can record two shows at the same time. There are many diverse programmes featured on Satellite TV because it provides over 300 channels for people to choose from. In contrast to the advantages of satellite TV the disadvantages of this broadcasting service is the loss of connection that occasionally occurs. Living in a bad area with lots of strong winds and heavy precipitation is not a good idea if you’re trying to watch a programme you’ve longed for as these services rely on a direct signal from satellites. If bad weather interferes with the signal it eventually causes the image to not appear right on the screen. Another disadvantage would be the appearance of the satellite dish with its connecting wires all hanging from someone’s roof. Some people find it unattractive and unappealing and “some neighbourhoods actually don't allow residents to have dishes because it ruins a great skyline with wires coming down from one's roof, all while connected to a large grey dish.” (Satellite, 10/12/13) Although satellite TV provides people with quality programming it still affects people such as the producers and the audiences. It affects producers because people have so much options and opportunities to watch other shows featured on different channels e.g. ITV news is shown on ITV at 6pm although on Channel 4 The Simpsons are being shown. Even though the show is repeats people that don’t really like the news will more likely watch a repeated episode of The Simpsons. So nowadays producers try and create more types of programmes to appeal to more people. Satellite TV also affects audiences because they have a variety of programmes to watch at any time and this also benefits producers because then there show is being viewed.

Cable

CATV also known as Community Antenna Television stands for CATV where it first originated in the mountainous areas of Pennsylvania in the spring season of 1948 by a husband and a wife. (John and Margaret Walson) In Mahanoy City John Walson wasn’t able to make profit from selling television sets to local residents because reception in the area was very weak so that made it harder for clear signals to be passed through the mountains. One of the main problems was where the location of the town was because it was in a valley roughly 90 air miles away from the Philadelphia television transmitters. The problem was later resolved in June 1948 when Mr Walson soon put an antenna on top of a nearby mountain and a few of the local resident’s home to help amplify the reception from the signals. Once these television signals were picked up they were transported over a few twin-lead antenna wires from his store. “Walson continued to improve the picture quality by using coaxial cable and self-manufactured "boosters" (amplifiers) to bring CATV to the homes of customers who eventually bought his television sets”. (Cable 1, 12/12/13) This made business good for the Walson’s because sales had ascended and from that day cable television was born. Although when cable television was introduced its main purpose was to entertain it’s viewers it has a few disadvantages. Many cable television providers offer their customers very tempting enticing package deals that they find hard to refuse such as when they can pay for their cable television service, landline service and internet service all at once through the same company however if they don’t pay that bill on time all the services will be shut off until the bill is paid. Another disadvantage of cable television would be the cost of the service because compared to other TV services such as satellite, cable television is very pricey especially if people “want channel packages that include premium movie channels like HBO, Showtime and Cinemax.”  (Cable 2, 12/12/13) In contrast to the disadvantages of cable television the advantages of the service is that if there’s a case of bad weather such as storms the reception is not affected because there’s no installation required like a satellite dish. Also another advantage of cable television would be that it provides a selection of channels without any restricted content on standard channels. Cable television is a closed service which means only subscribers have control on what they want to watch because “a cable channel has the right to show programs which feature violent imagery, strong language or suggestive sexual content providing this information is clearly stated to the viewer before it’s shown.” (Cable 3, 12/12/13) Cable television affects the producers of the media content because if the picture of programs aren’t being shown clearly on subscriber’s television producers will lose out on profit and viewers. The production cost of making the programme will be wasted if people aren’t able to view it, especially if they switch to another channel were a similar programme with better connection/reception is being shown.

Analogue

(Image 3, 13/12/13)

Analogue television is part of the analogue transmission because the process consists of encoded analogue audio and analogue video signal broadcasted to transmit the brightness and the colour. “The video signal of analogue television is transmitted in AM, whereas the audio is transmitted in FM. Analogue television transmissions are subject to interference, such as snow, only depending on the distance and geographical location of the TV receiving the signal.” (Analogue 1, 12/12/13) We don’t still have analogue television because it was switched off to begin a new updated television called digital (DTV). “It first began on November 1936 at 3pm and lasted for 76 years.” (Analogue 2, 06/01/14). People who had already updated their television years ago would not have noticed a change, compared to the other thousands of Freeview viewers who were surprisingly introduced to seeing their sets needing to be retuned. So that meant unless people had a set-top box they would be welcomed to a blank screen.  As analogue has been switched to digital the remaining analogue UHF frequencies have been scrapped for 4G mobile use. The standard channels on analogue TV were BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5. The advantages of analogue TV would be that the visuals are more accurate when connection is being lost and also there is less bandwidth used. There aren’t many disadvantages of analogue TV unless there is slight noise there may be a disruption in the signal and it may take long to fix back. Even though there were five main channels on analogue TV before the switch over if people knew what they knew now and technology wasn’t as slow, not a lot of people would have owned analogue TV for so long. Analogue TV affects producers and viewers in many ways because producers had only so much budget and time to produce certain programs for people. Unlike now they would have a better chance of having a big audience watching their show as people had limitations from channels. Viewers were affected mostly especially when it came to remotes especially if they were old or they were content with how the old remote worked. The old remote was as simple as can be because it did simple tasks like change the channel with the assigned numbers or switch the TV on/off by the power button located at the top of the remote control. Now though people have the opportunity to pause, rewind, fast forward or better still rewind just as well as use interactive buttons with different responsibilities for the viewer; green, blue, red and yellow. These changes seemed confusing for some but when the switchover came there was required help for those people to keep them up-to-date and informed regarding the services on their TV’s.

Digital

Image 4, 15/12/13)

Digital TV is another TV broadcasting system that allows people to view images with a better quality, compared to the old horizontal lines of resolution from the normal analogue TV that was 480 lines. Now digital is able to show 720 to 1080 horizontal lines of resolution. Also with digital TV, people can view multiplexing of 6 channels under one bandwidth. The media industry has converted from analogue TV to digital because now people’s television box sets can have lots of channels. Also the media industry has upgraded with society because now broadcasters can create several new channels for viewers so that they have more of a variety when they watch programmes. When the digital switchover took place viewers only had two choices; buy a new television or get a new set top box which is programmed to receive digital transmissions. There are many types of digital TV; such as digital satellite TV, digital terrestrial, digital cable TV, telephone line digital TV and internet protocol television. Back then people only had access to digital terrestrial because they upgraded from analogue to digital, ensuring they had their old aerial they would be guaranteed minimal disruption to their TV viewing at low extra cost e.g. Freeview. Nowadays as technology has gradually moved on people now have internet protocol TV (IPTV) which is connected to a broadband connection which provides subscribers’ digital television services to their home such as YouView, Google TV and Apple TV. Subscribers that have this service have a choice to a subscription, giving them access to many libraries from archived content online. However these customers could even pay a one off fee to get a set top box. “The Government hopes that the switchover will create space for the fourth generation of mobile phone services, or 4G, that could generate as much as £4bn when it is implemented next summer.” (Digital, 13/12/13) Although having digital TV has changed the ways of TV channels there are still advantages and disadvantages. Some advantages of digital TV would be that they can watch more channels than the standard mainline ones (BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5) because there’s more of a variety e.g. sports, sci-fi. Another advantage is how interactive the TV can be towards the viewer because digital TV allows viewers to access further information featured on the TV by accessing menus and having more control over what to do on their TV rather than just watch scheduled programs e.g. viewers can listen to radio channels via their televisions or watch archived programs providing it’s from digital ‘on-demand’ services. Also another advantage would be that it’s more compatible with today’s technology e.g. computers and also the image is more accurate and less blurry giving a high resolution. The disadvantages of digital TV would be when there’s loss of signal from bad weather conditions unlike analogue TV, the picture will eventually deteriorate (screen will go fuzzy) leaving only sound. Once the sound has completely gone the screen will freeze with the last received data with further instructions on how to proceed on. Another disadvantage would be the great history and memories analogue TV had for some viewers. Some viewers had grown up with digital TV and were sad to see it go although some were glad that TV had developed for today’s younger generation.  Digital TV affects producers and viewers because since there was so much extra space available for producers other individual programmes lost budgets because of loss of profit, hence why there’s so much ‘constructed’ and ‘reality’ shows nowadays. The increase in channels meant good business for film companies because they could showcase their products all over a range of channels. Viewers were affected because now they could watch channels that interested them e.g. sport or geographical shows since these channels were now added. Also now that people have such choices of programmes they tend to be complacent and watch new shows, slowly forgetting about the old programmes that were originally being shown.

(Image 4, 13/12/13)

Internet

Internet in other words; the World Wide Web, the net or the web has changed the lives of people positively and negatively. As technology is an everlasting service the internet will always be too because it’s a daily use from people 24/7 whether it be for business or leisure it’s still efficient. In the TV/Film industry the internet has played a leading role because nowadays instead of people just watching TV shows or movies, they now have the power to be a part of it. When shows are being shown or adverts are being advertised sometimes a well-known social networking site will pop up to help keep audiences no matter where they are, engaged at all times. An example of this would be when X Factor is being shown Dermot says how people at home can like the X factor page on Facebook or follow them on Twitter. People at home with easy internet access or wherever they are watching X factor can easily do those things. Over the developing years the internet changing has probably had one of the biggest impacts on people; like the change from analogue to digital TV. The internet has changed “from computers and smartphones to watches and eyewear, almost anything can now be connected to what is essentially one huge global network, which is constantly evolving further.” (Internet, 16/12/13) In the TV/film industry the internet has completely changed how we interpret media content because back then there weren’t specialised movie sites to watch film trailers or films. (Rotten Tomatoes or IMDb) Nowadays people have the choice to find films from these websites to get a better picture of the film instead of reading film reviews from newspapers and download these films onto their computers. People can now watch TV shows from all over the world by streaming on their computers. Nowadays people interact with media content via their smartphones or their tablets because it’s quicker and technology has improved. As long as people are connected to a wireless network or they have data from their network provider people can watch programmes/films, surf the internet or interact with people all through a screen as long as they want. The advantages of using the internet nowadays is how easy it is for people to complete tasks on the internet, rather than doing it by hand e.g. watching films/TV shows online. Another advantage would be how efficient it is for people to use Skype via the internet which allows them to video chat to other people across the globe providing there’s strong connection and access. Having the internet, guarantees it to be around for years to come because as new technology is created and developed the internet is slowly improved too e.g. people being able to use their catch up apps on their phones without being connected at home. Although, the internet has other contributions such as the social networking sites that people are able to use such as Facebook or Twitter.  Audiences are affected by the internet because they can download or watch programmes online from illegal websites. People can benefit from the internet by using it to watch shows online on their phones if they aren’t at home or they can record programmes providing they have the SKY app and even SKY. They also have other options to catch up on shows from iPlayers if they missed their favourite show. Producers are affected by the internet all the time because they produce the shows or films illegally or legally watched by people 24/7. It doesn’t matter the outcome of how their programme is distributed or viewed at the end of it they are the ones who are getting paid to create more enticing shows. However people can do illegal streaming and watch these programmes even before they are broadcasted instead of watching shows on TV e.g. Love Film. Producers lose out on profit this way.

High Definition (HDTV)

Image 5, 15/12/13)

Within the digital TV category HD has the highest resolution compared to the other digital cable formats (standard and enhanced). The resolution for standard and enhanced is 480i and 480p whereas high definition is 720p and 1080i. High definition clearly means higher better quality on TV’s but for people to receive HD on their TV they must have the required box set to receive specific HD signals on a TV that can help to enhance HD. So providing people’s TV’s have pictures with 720 or 1080 vertical lines and their TV can show HD clearly, Even though there is HD, there are many other HD content in other media formats; HD DVDs, HD audio and Blu Ray Discs. All these formats help enhance the quality of the media content to a higher quality. Some examples of HD TV would be BBC and BBC HD or SKY Sports and SKY Sports HD. People are able to receive the same information from each of these formats; it’s just that the quality is really different. Viewers watching football games can clearly see the game in a clearer pristine view from switching to HD. Having HD enhances the vision viewers see to a better realistic view. Some advantages of HDTV are that it gives a better quality as a result of high resolution. Also the sound quality is sharper and enhanced thanks to Dolby sound technology which has improved the quality. In contrast a few disadvantages would be if there are any authentication delays from the TV, there is guaranteed to be a blank screen pop up. Also if any HDMI cables are broken or need replacing, it can be very costly to buy back the specific one. “HDTVs can display images with far more detail, better picture colour, clarity, and sharp, lifelike images than traditional TVs can.” (HD, 15/12/13) HD is used more than SD because the picture is more pristine for viewers. At the time SD may have looked clear but compared to HD, SD is very fuzzy and the finer details aren’t very clear. That’s why if someone watched a SD programme on a HDTV viewers would be able to spot all the imperfections and blemishes from actors/actresses. Having HD affects people because all the loved programmes they love can be watched effectively in high quality definition because HD makes the viewer’s feel as they are a part of the programme, that’s the result of a pristine effect HD has given. The viewers will feel more engaged in the programme because it looks so realistic they might sometimes be deceived in what they see. Viewers are more able to enjoy their programme because actors and other effects are enhanced effectively. Producers are affected because they have to create images with more detail to suit viewers’ expectations because with a clearer image the producer is able to add finer details that viewers can’t miss. As producers are using this process very often they have to ensure that viewers aren’t able to pick up on mistakes, so that means hair and make-up has to be done to perfection preventing viewers to be distracted from the actual TV programme they chose to watch. HDTV is a part of the growth of technology so as long as more technologies are being developed people are forced to buy or consider these changes.

Pay per View

Pay per View TV is a self-explanatory process where customers can simply pay a specific fee to view a programme.  Satellite or cable TV broadcasting services charge their viewers this fee (just as well as the normal standard rate fixed monthly bill) to view special programs e.g. sports events and also Sky Box Office. This service is where Sky customers can pay to watch featured films for a fee before it’s on put on normal accessible channels other viewers are able to see. The advantages of Pay per View TV is that sports and films can be easily accessed but however there isn’t vast amount of disadvantages, except for the fee and that it still is added on the fixed bill. This service has changed the way we view TV because Sky had cleverly introduced ‘NOW TV’ which can now completely turn Sky customer’s TV into a smart TV because they have the neat compact NOW TV Box. ‘NOW TV’ is the new way for people to have easy access catch up on from TV including BBC iPlayer, 4OD and Demand 5 all for a cost of £9.99 (including the postage and the packaging). People can also download preferred apps like Facebook and Spotify to their TV by a simple click. Having NOW TV gives people more control of what they want to watch and when, as people now can easily subscribe to the Sky Movies Pass service and the Entertainment Month Pass Service. Also for the sport fanatics they can purchase the Sky Sports Day Pass, giving them unlimited access of sports. “The Sky Movies Pass gives you access to a great range of on-demand content and movies channels. The Entertainment Month Pass gives you access to 10 pay TV channels, a great range of on-demand content and box sets.” (NOW TV, 15/12/13) Sky have made the subscription fee fit around people’s needs because there isn’t a sign-up fee although there's a monthly subscription fee, so because of signing up they would need to pay for the pass and also until they cancel the whole subscription all together they would pay each month after that. Pay per view TV affects the producers of the media content because they are the ones who have to make these crucial decisions that impact audiences. They have to make sure that this service can be effectively interpreted and used by buying customers because if there not people will simply resort to illegally view these shows online and companies will lose out on profit. Producers also benefit from this service people literally pay to view certain featured shows. They pay fixed fee and watch these shows. Audiences are affected because this service is simply based on them regarding the entertainment they watch or miss so they have quick easy options to view it there and then.

Digital recorders

Everyone who owns TV’s have digital recorders, even if they don’t know what every button placed on the remote does as long as they understand how to use the digital recorder for basic tasks e.g. changing the channels or switching the TV on/off. The advantages of digital recorders is simply that viewers have control on how to view TV especially if there recording programs because there phone suddenly becomes the TV just as well as the remote. Also the disadvantages of digital recorders is only if people aren’t connected to their box they can’t use the Sky app on their devices. People who don’t have a Smart TV with internet connection to access on-demand viewing and streaming content, but they have a regular Sky TV are able to receive the content of digital recording. Providing they have Sky + box and not the regular box they have the power to control what programmes or films get recorded.  Once those specific programmes are recorded on their planner they can series link it. This process is fairly used especially by people who are preoccupied, they can easily series link every episode of that programme until the season of the programme has concluded or that person can just voluntarily end the series link to save more space on their planner. All the programmes recorded or series linked can be watched by the viewer at any time, however if the bill is not paid on time or certain channels have been voluntarily removed from that person’s Sky the programme can’t be watched. If the person really likes that show it can permanently stay on their planner by pressing ‘keep’ on the planner, unless they switch it off or change the box. The main purposes of recording is that when people decide to watch the programme they have the option to fast forwards tedious adverts to get back into the programme quicker, they can rewind something they missed, they can pause the programme to quickly run an errand or they can just make the programme play throughout. Providing programmes won’t clash if someone is recording more than one programme at the same time, people won’t have to delete it from the list they can watch one of the recorded programmes as the other preferred recorded channels are being recorded.  Another improvement Sky had cleverly created was the ability for ‘on the goer’s’ to login into their Sky account to record programmes or films on the planner from electrical devices such as iPhones or iPads. Providing people are connected to their Sky box they have access to view what’s recording from the TV guide. Once this is happening people on the go can actually watch these recorded programmes. In contrast to the past were people were literally forced to stay at home just to watch their favourite programmes or films, nowadays people can be anywhere doing anything and they can still have their ability to set to record their favourite programme or film. Even if they forgot to record the programme from the start on their phone, once it’s being recorded that person can still catch the episode at home from very beginning. Also digital recorders affect audiences because it allows them to be forgetful but still in control even if they forgot to record at home, they can still catch up on their phones. Digital recorders affect producers because either way their programmes are being watched, even if it’s not at the same time the programme was originally scheduled to show. Also they don’t have control of how their programmes are viewed by audiences, although they still views and profit from when people catch up and watch TV off the broadcasting website whether it be ITV player or Channel 40D.

On-Demand viewing

On-Demand viewing is simply viewers streaming online to catch up on missed programmes whenever they want through on-demand services. Channel 4oD is a form of demand service because it allows viewers to watch the vast amount of Channel 4 programmes that have been broadcasted on the TV over the last 30 days. Also viewers are given a chance to catch up on movies that were featured earlier on “just as well as a selection of programmes from sister channels More4 and E4. Viewers are given the opportunity to watch selected free content from the archives and to buy programmes from other broadcasters with whom Channel 4 has negotiated special deals with.” (On-Demand viewing, 16/12/13) All these channels can be watched via the Channel 4oD website; Channel 4, More4, E4, Film4, and selected programmes from National Geographic and Disney. It is free because people can watch all the past streamed programmes online. Sky has an On-Demand service for their customers which is located in the TV guide with featured TV box sets of all greatest programmes and movies for no extra monthly cost. Providing viewers have connected their compatible black Sky+ HD box to a broadband route in order to receive the features of Sky’s On-demand service they would be able to catch up on their favourite shows and rent movies through their Sky+ HD box from the Sky Store. Once people have found something interesting in the On-Demand service they are able to watch it with only one or more adverts to keep the audience engaged and not get distracted because of the amount of adverts shown. Another type of frequently watched On-Demand service is Netflix and Love Film, although they are also known as Video On-demand (VOD) because they both stream films to audiences. They have the ability to pause and play or rewind or forward programmes they want to watch providing they have paid their monthly fee. The advantage of programmes being On-Demand is that people have alternatives to catch up later if they have missed a show as programmes are organised to stay on the On-Demand service for a week. As On-demand is a great addition to the Sky family it hasn’t got many disadvantages, just that not everybody will be attracted by some of the TV box sets or programmes featured on the On-Demand service. Nowadays people can use this new developing technology via their electrical devices (iPhones or tablets) if they’re on the go. They can do this because TV broadcasters such as Channel 4 or ITV have designed specified apps (Channel 4Od and ITV iPlayer) that allow viewers to still catch up on missed programmes once they have downloaded and agreed to the terms and conditions before watching the content. These apps are beneficial to viewers because the app is free and easy to download. These broadcasters know this solution of On-Demand viewing is better so they try and advertise and enforce viewers about it via the adverts of the channel. They show all the electrical device icons at the bottom of the screen to show viewers that they can catch up on shows on any type of device. On-demand services affect producers because they are able to see what programmes are viewed by viewers so they know what type of programmes to create more of.

Content streaming

Content streaming is so mainstream that people are guaranteed to do this at least three times a day without even intentionally meaning it as it’s so easy to do. Content streaming is when media content such as a video or a programme is being streamed continuously via the internet to various amounts of people around the world. An example of content streaming would be ITV because, featured on their website are all the earlier shown programmes throughout the day for people who didn’t see the programme at the time it was distributed. ITV have carefully laid out the content on their website so it’s easier for people to find what they’re looking for.

Image 7, 16/12/13)

As shown in the picture above has soon as the viewer hits enter on their keyboard they are immediately greeted by ITV’s contents such as ‘Drama lives on ITV’, ‘Don’t Miss’ and ‘Christmas Crackers’. These headings automatically attract the viewer because the images below those headings are constantly moving. The viewer also has options to type their requests in the search box, located visibly at the top of the screen or they can simply press one of the three options at the top of the page, which will help to narrow down that viewer’s request leading them to the programme quicker. Audiences have been so much freedom because they are able to decide on what to do when they have missed a programme. Also when it comes to movies now people can visit specific websites that show upcoming films or past films from the Box Office for no fee and from there people are able to watch their preferred movie. In the TV/film industry there are three types of streaming contents that people can choose to watch; there are legal streaming content websites such as ITV player or BBC iPlayer, legal membership streaming content websites such as Love Film or Netflix and lastly there’s illegal streaming content websites. The disadvantages of content streaming are that it is illegal for certain websites hence why some of them have been permanently shut down. Also depending on the viewer’s computer the video can cause viruses because it’s malicious and also the video can take a while to buffer depending on the viewer’s bandwidth. The advantages are simply that the videos are free and easy to download, making it more efficient for people to watch the programme/film at any time. Producers are affected by this technology because they can monitor who is or who has watched their programmes they’ve created. Although monitoring the amount of views on a video is easier than monitoring views on a programme of TV, as it is possible to count how many times someone has refreshed that specific page. Also producers are affected because the idea of content streaming has influenced some people negatively as they are streaming videos illegally e.g. trailers for films on YouTube and they lose out on box office sales. Audiences are affected because they have control over how to catch up on previously shown programmes they missed.

Interactive TV

Technology changing has made a big contribution to Interactive TV because it consists of a two way cable TV system that enables the viewer to input their specific request and give information providing they have an electronic device also called a setup box. This service gives the viewer the opportunity to select which program or movie they want to watch, anytime or place. Viewers with new setup boxes can now have the privilege to conveniently access their emails via the internet.  Nowadays viewers are available to use the four coloured buttons on the Sky remote to access all the content instead of being able to just have a TV to literally watch TV. On the Sky remote people can press the red button to play online games, they can press the green button to view all recordings from a bookmark, they can use the blue button which tags their favourite channels automatically to the Sky Box so it more easier for the show to be watched and the yellow button do other various amounts of jobs. Interactive TV affects the audience because their box set is used to its full potential. They are able to access current programmes being shown on TV by pressing the red button e.g. when the Olympics were being shown people could view all the live games via the red button and they could also access other information off the BBC service like the news or the weather. Producers are affected also because they have the opportunity to expand on their programmes to make it easy for people to access extra content. Compared to old standard TV’s the interactive TV has been precisely designed to suit the ways people entertain themselves via surfing the net by using most used apps found on the menu screen. People are able to use their remote control to type in text by using the allocated arrows, enter and back buttons. Similar to a computer some TV’s give people the same full access to visit any website they want if they want to interact with another via Facebook or Twitter.  Also providing people’s TV has a built-in webcam already installed, they are able to use a video chat system, such as Skype, that enables them to be connected and contacted with friends and family anywhere in the world. Although not all TV’s are able to perform this service, so people would have to buy a webcam separately. To increase more revenues interactive TV helped encourage companies like BskyB to promote and advertise their owned gambling services such as Sky Bingo and Sky Las Vegas. People with interactive TV are able to connect to the internet and if they have a game console e.g. Xbox they can gamble on their TV at home providing they are connected to the internet to place bets. Interactive TV affects audiences because they have complete control to do whatever they want as it’s their TV; however they must have internet connection in order to get these services. Interactive TV affects producers because they have the money and the time to further these services that provide more money by combining other new techniques that amaze the audience. As good as interactive TV comes across it has its disadvantages because even though some TV’s are touch screen, eventually the touch sensitivity will begin to deteriorate so people must have their remotes on the ready. Also the cost of the TV is very expensive especially if people buy webcams as well. The main advantages of interactive TV is that people now have control over TV opposed to it being the other way and also the length of time the interactivity will last. As interactive services are an everlasting process its high likely interactive TV will be forgotten about or easily replaced.

Film-based

Film-based technologies are simply computerized software or graphics that adapt or transforms a film into a better media form to add more effect. These technologies have helped certain films with profits or stay one of best movies created in history. The image showed below shows how this image has changed throughout the remakes of ‘The Pirates of the Caribbean’ through CGI and 2Design. Some films are re-created again and again purely to update the graphics from the last one to suit the type of technology used nowadays because as life goes on so does technology so for example because iPhones and Android phones are frequently used it’s highly unlikely that the type of technology used in the first version of ‘King Kong’ (1933) would be used nowadays so the film had to remade to keep up with the technology around people. Many old films were remade and some are going to be released next year e.g. the famous Disney tale movies have been re made frequently to perfect the imperfections of the characters as people have HD TV’s and these blemishes would be easily spotted. Films like ‘The Amazing Spider man’ (2012) was made again to keep up with the on-going Marvel comics and to keep frequent comic followers interested. Compared to all the other ‘Spider man’ this one clearly showcases all the upgraded graphics and definition improved because everything looks pristine and clear. People with HD and Smart TV’s will see the impacts better than people with standard TV’s because that HD and Smart TV’s are specifically designed to focus on these details. When films are being recreated or re adjusted producers either decide to use 3D animation or Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) depending on basis of the story. 3D animation is a computer generated illustration that’s designed to give images or the graphics in three dimensions. This process is used to give characters depth, which helps them look more real-life. Computer soft wares are usually used to do showcase life through images or pictures. Examples of films that used 3D animation were ‘Finding Nemo’ (2003) and ‘The Adventures of Tintin’ (2011). The advantage of 3D animation is that when the film is made it looks really good and realistic. However if it’s not made as good the film may look horrible, leaving a negative effect on viewers. Computer generated Imagery (CGI) is the process of computer graphics that help create or design some images in films. Some advantages of CGI being used for films are the imagination and creation of new creatures or different styled characters can be designed on the software. Also CGI can be used to design digital make-up on the cartoon characters or even enhance the make-up on screen actors/actresses e.g. the blue skin of the Avatar in ‘Avatar’ (2009). The disadvantages of CGI would be actors aren’t really needed as much before because nowadays on sets there are blue or green screens to add more effect and also another disadvantage would be the blurred vision in the animation because the images are so simplified it leaves a fuzzy effect on the viewers and sometimes they feel departed away from the live action of a movie. Producers are affected by 3D animation and CGI because there movies hit box office sales, which leaves them with a bigger budget for the next film to be created. Also they have the money and the specialized people to remake films better than were before. Audiences are affected because once an old movie is recreated the original loses its history, so if they preferred the original one they would have to start getting used to the new technology that’s updating the quality of the originals. I think film-based technologies are attracting people to the cinema because when they see the films they see a more pristine accurate image especially if it’s 3D because people are expecting to be amazed through the on-screen graphics or animation. Also people feel more involved in the film because they are so close and graphics are so precise.

Whilst doing this assignment I have learned how much a difference technology has changed the lives of people just as well as other technological devices around it e.g. phones or laptops in the TV/film industry. I’ve learned how self-explanatory and efficient all these technologies can be, but with a price and some effects. Before technology was made to suit the living standard of people, hence why they were so complacent with all the old technology but nowadays people have comfortably controlled the technology around them to suit their living of life. Hence, why there are services like BBC Red Button to catch up on missed sporting events or live shows or On-Demand viewing to watch all box sets on the Sky TV guide for those customers. Technology is similar to a person because it is forever growing and always changing, however technology has its negatives just as well as positives. Although people say you are never old until you feel it, technology is very similar to that because it’s so widely used all the time it will never get old. Seeing how drastically technology has changed for people and upgraded other devices or services e.g. 4G connection-(faster, better) it makes people question about what the future holds for these mainstream technologies.

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Digital: http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/uks-final-analogue-tv-signal-switched-off-you-have-been-watching-for-the-last-76-years-8225396.html, (Accessed on 13/12/13)

NOW TV: http://watch.nowtv.com/terms, (Accessed on 15/12/13)

Image 5: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=hd&rlz=1C1AVSJ_enGB462GB464&espv=210&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=8KGtUqHdDpCX7QbHyYAY&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=661#es_sm=93&espv=210&q=hdtv+logo&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgrc=Chmj6ldpZROaiM%3A%3BTxliRGzr0fyRSM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fimages.wikia.com%252Flostpedia%252Fimages%252Farchive%252F5%252F55%252F20090527021101!Hdtv_logo.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Flostpedia.wikia.com%252Fwiki%252FFile%253AHdtv_logo.jpg%3B504%3B360, (Accessed on 15/12/13)

Image 6: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=digital+recorder&rlz=1C1AVSJ_enGB462GB464&espv=210&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=NaKtUty6DKLR7AabgoE4&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=698#es_sm=93&espv=210&q=sky+digital+recorder&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=nzo6FZE5c6VGsM%3A%3BftM2SxwYTUoYyM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcdn.recombu.com%252Fdigital%252Fimages%252Fmerchants%252Fsky%252F1367244761_w669_h320.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Frecombu.com%252Fdigital%252Fproviders%252Fsky%252F%3B669%3B320, (Accessed on 15/12/13)

Image 7: https://www.itv.com/itvplayer/, (Accessed on 16/12/13)

Image 8: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=interactive+tv&rlz=1C1AVSJ_enGB462GB464&espv=210&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=56KtUrXuDIGp7AbdroHQDg&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=698#es_sm=93&espv=210&q=interactive+tv+bbc+red+button&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=f0BPjekVBZzdRM%3A%3BkCXgFTjMUR8Y4M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.bbc.co.uk%252Fblogs%252Fpressred%252FHDScreenExamples-HDBridge.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.bbc.co.uk%252Fblogs%252Fpressred%252F2009%252F06%252Fbbc-hd.shtml%3B450%3B269, (Accessed on 15/12/13)

Image 9: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=computer+generated+imagery+animation&sa=X&rlz=1C1AVSJ_enGB462GB464&espv=210&es_sm=93&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ei=AivLUvSZJqfD7Aat5oHgDw&ved=0CF8QsAQ&biw=1231&bih=670#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=bjXSWXIRWa2W0M%3A%3BGoTR2FMuNPOtgM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdjdesignerlab.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2010%252Fanimation_history%252F9.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdjdesignerlab.com%252F2010%252F01%252F15%252Fhistory-of-animation-media-innovation-and-experimentation%252F%3B298%3B497, (Accessed on 06/01/14)

HD: http://www.freemake.com/blog/what-is-hdtv-everything-you-need-to-know-about-it-faq/, (Accessed on 15/12/13)

On-Demand viewing: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/tv-on-demand/3708498/What-is-TV-on-demand.html, (Accessed on 16/12/13)

Internet: http://whatculture.com/technology/10-ways-the-internet-has-changed-the-world.php, (Accessed on 16/12/13)